Many temple rituals called upon Eye goddesses to defend the temple precinct or the resident deity. Collectively called "Hathor of the Four Faces", they represent the Eye's vigilance in all directions. [60] In other cities, two goddesses were worshipped as the belligerent and peaceful forms of the Eye, as with Ayet and Nehemtawy at Herakleopolis or Satet and Anuket at Aswan. Eye of Ra is one of the popular ancient Egyptian symbols that is used as amulets, tattoos, etc. While the Eye of Ra is most known for inhabiting the iconic symbol of … 1 talking about this. [42], Likewise, cobra goddesses often represented the Eye. This is a well-known and ancient Egyptian symbol that represents protection, as well as royal power and health. The Eye's absence and Ra's weakened state may be a mythological reference to solar eclipses. His eye felt betrayed and upset about this. Add to Likebox #110959773 - Egyptian scarab symbol of pharaoh, gods Ra, sun. [73], violent feminine counterpart of Ra in Ancient Egyptian mythology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eye_of_Ra&oldid=985967634, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 00:56. These amulets are most likely an allusion to the connection between the Eye of Horus and the Eye of Ra, invoking their power for personal protection. Some unclear passages in the Coffin Texts suggest that Apep was thought capable of injuring or stealing the Eye of Ra from its master during the combat. According to Egyptian myth, Horus lost his left eye in a struggle with Seth. The Eye of Horus is also known as wedjat or udjat. [28] His role in retrieving the Eye of Ra parallels his role in the Osiris myth, in which he heals or returns Horus's lost Eye. [14], The Eye of Ra was invoked in many areas of Egyptian religion,[57] and its mythology was incorporated into the worship of many of the goddesses identified with it. [1] The Eye can also act as an extension of and companion to Atum, a creator god closely associated with Ra. The catastrophic effects of the Eye goddess running amok and the endeavours of the gods to return her to a benevolent aspect are a recurring theme in Egyptian mythology. The Eye of Ra versus the Eye of Horus (the Egyptian Eye), Sri Yantra/Sri Chakra Symbol (Shree Yantra) and Its Meaning. [70] Whether literal or metaphorical, the fire in the cobras' mouths, like the flames spat by the Eye of Ra, was meant to dispel the nocturnal darkness and burn the dangerous beings that move within it. These uraei are intended to ward off evil spirits and the nightmares that they were believed to cause, or other enemies of the house's occupant. Among them was Wadjet, a tutelary deity of Lower Egypt who was closely associated with royal crowns and the protection of the king. In doing so, he absorbs the gods' power, thereby renewing his own vitality, before spitting them out again at nightfall. In their minds, when the eye symbol appears, it means that the people are going to be subjugated, dumbed down, manipulated and more. illustration. [19] Nadine Guilhou suggests that the Eye's rampage alludes to the heat and widespread disease of the Egyptian summer, and in particular to the epagomenal days before the new year, which were regarded as unlucky. amzn_assoc_title = "Editor's Amazon Picks"; These cultists performed temple rituals to celebrate its life-giving power and invoked the dangerous aspects to protect their sacred places, their pharaoh, ordinary people and the places they lived. Mehit becomes the consort of Anhur, Tefnut is paired with Shu, and Thoth's spouse is sometimes Nehemtawy, a minor goddess associated with this pacified form of the Eye. [68] In addition, certain magical spells from the New Kingdom involve the placement of clay model uraei around a house or a room, invoking the protection of the solar uraeus as in the temple rituals. The uraeus on royal and divine headdresses alludes to the role of the Eye goddesses as protectors of gods and kings. When one thinks of ancient Egyptian symbols, one of the first that comes to mind is surely the eye symbol we see everywhere. The Eye of Ra is believed to be a force that uses violence to subdue and control its enemies. Vector. The Eye of Ra is a symbol of the ancient Egyptian god of the sky known as Ra. At times the Egyptians called the lunar eye the "Eye of Horus", a concept with its own complex mythology and symbolism, and called the solar eye the "Eye of Ra"—Ra being the preeminent sun god in ancient Egyptian religion. This article will provide you with some information about this symbol. The Eye is an extension of Ra's power, equated with the disk of the sun, but it also behaves as an independent entity, which can be personified by a wide variety of Egyptian goddesses, including Hathor, Sekhmet, Bastet, Wadjet, and Mut. The image of the Eye of Ra has a somewhat gruesome background story. Ra emerges from the body of a goddess who represents the sky—usually Nut. Many times, these aspects of the eye goddess are represented using a cobra or lioness, symbols of royal authority and protection. The Eye of Ra resembles the Eye of Horus and indeed stands for many of the same attributes. One of the oldest examples is Mut's return to her home temple in Thebes, which was celebrated there annually as early as the New Kingdom. You might have come across ancient Egyptian symbols in the forms of tattoos, amulets, lucky charms etc. Every summer, at the start of the Egyptian year, Sothis's heliacal rising, in which the star rose above the horizon just before the sun itself, heralded the start of the Nile inundation, which watered and fertilized Egypt's farmland. Similar Images . [32] The pacified Eye deity is once more a procreative consort for the sun god, or, in some versions of the story, for the god who brings her back. In regard to the worship of the goddesses, the Eye of Ra played a major role. Similarly, Mut, whose main cult center was in Thebes, sometimes served as an Upper Egyptian counterpart of Sekhmet, who was worshipped in Memphis in Lower Egypt. Though the Eye of Ra and the Eye of Horus are very similar, they are personified by different gods/goddesses. [60] The return of this Eye goddess, in fertile, moisture-bearing form, set the stage for her subsequent marriage to Montu and the birth of their mythological child,[61] a form of Horus. [59] The Egyptians built shrines along the river containing images of animals and dwarfs rejoicing at the goddess' arrival. [44], The deities associated with the Eye were not restricted to feline and serpent forms. [53], These goddesses and their iconographies frequently mingled. In art, the sun disk image often incorporates one or two uraei coiled around it. [52] Wadjet and Nekhbet can stand for Lower and Upper Egypt, respectively, along with the Red Crown and White Crown that represent the two lands. From shop GwenShopArt. In order to make his eye happy again, Ra turned it into a uraeus and wore it on his forehead. [69] The spell says the models have "fire in their mouths". "[35] This same view of femininity is found in texts describing human women, such as the Instruction of Ankhsheshonq, which says a man's wife is like a cat when he can keep her happy and like a lioness when he cannot. In addition, the dangerous aspects of the eye were also celebrated by the Egyptians. In some versions the provocation for her anger seems to be her replacement with a new eye after the search for Shu and Tefnut, but in others her rebellion seems to take place after the world is fully formed. [58], The Eye's flight from and return to Egypt was a common feature of temple ritual in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods (305 BC – AD 390),[58] when the new year and the Nile flood that came along with it were celebrated as the return of the Eye after her wanderings in foreign lands. [1], The Eye's aggression may even extend to deities who, unlike Apep, are not regarded as evil. It was used in Egypt to protect the pharaoh and to ward off any evil. The Eye of Horus, also known as wadjet, wedjat or udjat, is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection, royal power, and good health. [45] Nekhbet, a vulture goddess, was closely connected with Wadjet, the Eye, and the crowns of Egypt. The Egyptians often referred to the sun and the moon as the "eyes” of particular gods. Eye of Horus / Eye of Ra The Wadjet (or Ujat, meaning “Whole One”) is a powerful symbol of protection in ancient Egypt also known as the “Eye of Horus” and the “all seeing eye”. [3] The disk is often called Ra's "daughter" in Egyptian texts. [59] Scholars do not know how well developed the myth and the corresponding rituals were in earlier times. She is his partner in the creative cycle in which he begets the renewed form of himself that is born at dawn. The disastrous effects when the Eye goddess rampages out of control and the efforts of the gods to return her to a benign state are a prominent motif in Egyptian mythology. All of Mr Dimitri's writing is in Arabic and currently he is working on a novel called The Eye of Ra. Also known as Udjat, Wedjet, and Wadjet, it is the most trusted symbol of protection and great Royal power. The eye goddess is considered as the mother, daughter, sister, and companion of the sun god. The Eye of Ra or Eye of Re is a being in ancient Egyptian mythology that functions as a feminine counterpart to the sun god Ra and a violent force that subdues his enemies. Many combinations such as Hathor-Tefnut,[54] Mut-Sekhmet,[46] and Bastet-Sothis appear in Egyptian texts. In ancient Egypt, the Eye of Horus or the Eye of Ra is found in the tombs of the dead and inside pyramids. The Eye of Ra or Udjat was an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection and royal power from the deities, in this case from Horus or Ra. The red beer might then refer to the red silt that accompanied the subsequent Nile flood, which was believed to end the period of misfortune. Some apotropaic amulets in the shape of the Eye of Horus bear the figure of a goddess on one side. The Eye of Ra is similar to the Eye of Horus, which belongs to a different god, Horus, but represents many of the same concepts. [40] Yet another goddess of the solar Eye was Mut, the consort of the god Amun, who was associated with Ra. The solar uraeus represents the Eye as a dangerous force that encircles the sun god and guards against his enemies, spitting flames like venom. Top definition is 'a lion-headed Egyptian goddess; typifies life-destroying power of the sun'. The Eye is thus a feminine counterpart to Ra's masculine creative power, part of a broader Egyptian tendency to express creation and renewal through the metaphor of sexual reproduction. The presence of the feminine suffix -t in jrt may explain why these independent eyes were thought of as female. Because of the great importance of the sun in Egyptian religion, this emblem is one of the most common religious symbols in all of Egyptian art. [2] At other times, the sun god, in various forms, is depicted inside the disk shape, as if enclosed within it. The Eye of Ra, also known as the Eye of Re/Rah, is an ancient Egyptian symbol used to represent the goddess considered to be the female counterpart of the sun god, Ra. [2] Although Egyptologists usually call this emblem the "sun disk", its convex shape in Egyptian relief sculpture suggests that the Egyptians may have envisioned it as a sphere. [8] Hathor can even be called "the Eye of Horus"—one of several ways in which the distinctions between the two eyes are blurred. The Eye of Ra symbolizes protection that comes from power, violence, and fury while the eye of Horus symbolizes regeneration, healing, and divine protection from the gods. These tears give rise to the first humans. [11][12], The Eye of Ra also represents the destructive aspect of Ra's power: the heat of the sun, which in Egypt can be so harsh that the Egyptians sometimes likened it to arrows shot by a god to destroy evildoers. [34], The dual nature of the Eye goddess shows, as Graves-Brown puts it, that "the Egyptians saw a double nature to the feminine, which encompassed both extreme passions of fury and love. [25], Meanwhile, the Eye wanders in a distant land—Nubia, Libya, or Punt. Her return marks the beginning of the inundation and the new year. Present in the ancient Egyptian mythology is the Eye of Ra, shown as the sun disk with two 'uraeus' cobras coiled around it, next to the white and red crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt. They celebrated the life-giving aspects of the Eye of Ra by conducting rituals. Other solar gods may interact in a similar way with the numerous goddesses associated with the Eye. Its most obvious and common symbolism is its ability to act as a protective power against evil spirits. [48] Other such goddesses include Sothis, the deified form of the star of the same name, and Maat, the personification of cosmic order, who was connected with the Eye because she was said to be the daughter of Ra. The difference is the Eye of Ra symbol is drawn as a right eye while the Eye of Horus is drawn as Horus’ left eye. It … In yogic metaphysics, the third eye or Ajna chakra, is the center where we transcend duality – the duality of a personal “I” separate from the rest of the world, of a personality that exists independently from everything else. [49] Even Isis, who is usually the companion of Osiris rather than Ra,[50] or Astarte, a deity of fertility and warfare who was imported from Canaan rather than native to Egypt, could be equated with the solar Eye. [23] With the solar Eye gone, Ra is vulnerable to his enemies and bereft of a large part of his power. At times the Egyptians called the lunar eye the "Eye of Horus", a concept with its own complex mythology and symbolism, and called the solar eye the "Eye of Ra"—Ra being the preeminent sun god in ancient Egyptian religion. You liked our post about the Eye of Ra? [20], The solar Eye's volatile nature can make her difficult even for her master to control. For the Egyptians, the Eye of Ra was a representation of the sun. [15] The malevolent gaze of Apep's own Eye is a potent weapon against Ra, and Ra's Eye is one of the few powers that can counteract it. The Thelemites use the eye as they stated that 1904 was the beginning of the age of Horus. In one version, known from scattered allusions, the warrior god Anhur searches for the Eye, which takes the form of the goddess Mehit, using his skills as a hunter. A Different Take on the Eye of Ra Symbol – Two Cobras? The Eye of Ra, in particular, is deeply involved in the sun god's creative actions. [16] In other texts, the Eye's fiery breath assists in Apep's destruction. The disk could even be regarded as Ra's physical form. The Eye returns with Shu and Tefnut but is infuriated to see that the creator has developed a new eye, which has taken her place. Shu and Tefnut, the children of this creator god, have drifted away from him in the waters of Nu, the chaos that exists before creation in Egyptian belief, so he sends out his Eye to find them. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; [72] A spell in the Coffin Texts states that Bastet, as the Eye, illuminates the Duat like a torch, allowing the deceased to pass safely through its depths. 5 out of 5 stars (20) 20 reviews. The violent aspects of the eye are employed to defend Ra against any agents of disorder that would try to dethrone from him. [1], As the sun, the Eye of Ra is a source of heat and light, and it is associated with fire and flames. [17] This apotropaic function of the Eye of Ra is another point of overlap with the Eye of Horus, which was similarly believed to ward off evil. Often, it was associated with the destructive power of the sun, but Egyptians also used it to protect buildings and themselves. The myth takes place before the creation of the world, when the solar creator—either Ra or Atum—is alone. [29] In a Late Period papyrus dubbed "The Myth of the Eye of the Sun", Thoth persuades the Eye of Ra to return through a combination of lectures, enticement, and entertaining stories. It is also equated with the red light that appears before sunrise, and with the morning star that precedes and signals the sun's arrival. Ra gives rise to his daughter, the Eye, who in turn gives rise to him, her son, in a cycle of constant regeneration. In these texts the Eye and its various manifestations often appear, protecting and giving birth to the deceased as they do for Ra. Models like those in the spells have been found in the remains of ancient Egyptian towns, and they include bowls in front of their mouths where fuel could be burnt, although the known examples do not show signs of burning. [39], The Egyptians associated many gods who took felid form with the sun, and many lioness deities, like Sekhmet, Menhit, and Tefnut, were equated with the Eye. • EYE OF RA … Is someone giving you the evil eye? While, these symbols are increasing used in many different ways, there are very few people, who know about their meanings. The eye was able to locate them and bring them back to him. Yogic meaning of the 3rd eye chakra. The solar Eye is said to assist in this effort, slaughtering the gods for Ra to eat. The Eye of Ra actually refers to the daughter of Ra, the all important sun god of ancient Egypt. [58] At the temple of Montu at Medamud, in a festival that may date back to the late Middle Kingdom, it was Montu's consort Raet-Tawy who was equated with Hathor and the Eye of Ra. As an example of the destructive force represented by the Eye of Ra, one of the most popular motifs in Egyptian mythology shows the goddess of the eye rampaging out of control and the sun god trying to rein her in. The Eye of Horus is similar to the Eye of Ra, which belongs to a different god, Ra, but represents many of the same concepts. themselves, The symbol is seen on images of Horus' mother, Isis, and on other deities associated with her. [46] Many Eye goddesses appear mainly in human form, including Neith, a sometimes warlike deity sometimes said to be the mother of the sun god,[47] and Satet and Anuket, who were linked with the Nile cataracts and the inundation. The red light of dawn therefore signifies the blood produced by this slaughter. Literary usage of Eye of ra. amzn_assoc_asins = "B06XT75KH2,B073PYKKP5,B007DCNIRA,B07FVT8BL4"; © 2020 Symbols and Their Meanings - Mythology and Gods - Mythical Creatures. Sometimes this eye is called the Eye of Atum, although at other times the Eye of Ra and the Eye of Atum are distinct, with Ra's Eye the sun and Atum's Eye the moon. Facts About The Eye of Ra. Egyptians held the belief that their queen was the physical personification of the goddesses that were connected to the Eye of Ra. [43] Other Eye-associated cobra goddesses include the fertility deity Renenutet, the magician goddess Weret-hekau, and Meretseger, the divine protector of the burial grounds near the city of Thebes. [27] Thoth, who often serves as a messenger and conciliator in the Egyptian pantheon, can also seek the wandering goddess. [4] The Egyptians often described the sun's movement across the sky as the movement of a barque carrying Ra and his entourage of other gods, and the sun disk can either be equated with this solar barque or depicted containing the barque inside it. According to one of those myths, Ra’s children, named Tefnut and Shu, disappeared one day. In this context, the Egyptologist Lana Troy suggests, the disk may represent the womb from which he is born or the placenta that emerges with him. Pharaohs took on the role of Ra, and their consorts were associated with the Eye and the goddesses equated with it. [51], Frequently, two Eye-related goddesses appear together, representing different aspects of the Eye. This dangerous aspect of the Eye goddess is often represented by a lioness or by the uraeus, or cobra, a symbol of protection and royal authority. The eye returned with the children in tow, but in the meantime Ra had grown a … The adult Ra, likewise, is the father of the Eye who is born at sunrise. [64] Amenhotep III even dedicated a temple at Sedeinga in Nubia to his wife, Tiye, as a manifestation of the Eye of Ra, paralleling the temple to Amenhotep himself at nearby Soleb. [13] Four uraei are sometimes said to surround Ra's barque. amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; Only after that, the eye calmed down and came back to Ra. The goddess' transformation from hostile to peaceful is a key step in the renewal of the sun god and the kingship that he represents. [63], The concept of the solar Eye as mother, consort, and daughter of a god was incorporated into royal ideology. ADVERTISING The Eye of Ra is believed to be a force that uses violence to subdue and control its enemies. The ankh is an ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol that was most commonly used in writing and in Egyptian art to represent the word for “life” and, by extension, as a symbol of life itself. The right eye of the god Horus, for instance, was equated with the sun, and his left eye equated with the moon. [21] Dimitri Meeks and Christine Favard-Meeks interpret these events as the Eye's reaction to being deceived by Ra after her slaughter of humanity,[22] whereas Carolyn Graves-Brown sees it as a later elaboration of the myth related in the Book of the Heavenly Cow. [71], The Eye's importance extends to the afterlife as well. Then there are some of those people who see any eye symbol, including Ra’s, as a symbol of oppression. Evidence in early funerary texts suggests that at dawn, Ra was believed to swallow the multitude of other gods, who in this instance are equated with the stars, which vanish at sunrise and reappear at sunset. Princeton's WordNet (0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Sekhet, Eye of Ra (noun) a lion-headed Egyptian goddess; typifies life-destroying power of the sun Though it was typically thought of as a violent, destructive force, the symbol representing the eye was also used for protection and inscribed on amulets and/or walls. The priestesses who acted as ceremonial "wives" of particular gods during the Third Intermediate Period (c. 1059–653 BC), such as the God's Wife of Amun, had a similar relationship with the gods they served. The Eye of Ra is often confused with the Eye of Horus (the Egyptian Eye) as the two symbols look very similar to each other. amzn_assoc_linkid = "57026592e0f8e9462300ff3b851a6a2a"; His efforts are not uniformly successful; at one point, the goddess is so enraged by Thoth's words that she transforms from a relatively benign cat into a fire-breathing lioness, making Thoth jump. So, Ra, being a devoted father, plucked out his eye and sent it looking for his children. Hathor, a goddess of the sky, the sun, and fertility, is often called the Eye of Ra, and she also has a relationship with Horus, who also has solar connections, that is similar to the relationship between Ra and his Eye. The eye was magically restored by Hathor, and this restoration came to symbolize the process of making whole and healing. [66] For similar reasons, uraei appear in rows atop shrines and other structures, surrounding and symbolically guarding them against hostile powers. However, the Egyptians also saw it as a symbol of royal authority and used it as a symbol of protection both for themselves and the buildings they occupied. [10], The tears of the Eye of Ra are part of a more general connection between the Eye and moisture. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual"; Ra was sometimes said to enter the body of the sky goddess at sunset, impregnating her and setting the stage for his rebirth at sunrise. Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature: 1. [7], Ra is not unique in this relationship with the Eye. Is The Eye Of Horus Left Or Right? The Eye of Horus is a peaceful, protective force while the Eye of Ra is a protective force that uses violence and destruction. Ra was the god of the skies and was able to watch over you and see your every move. Initially associated with Horus (similarly to the wadjet, the Eye of Horus), the Eye of Ra shifted positions in the myths, becoming both an extension of Ra's power and a separate entity altogether. Ra sends out his eye to seek information as well as hand out wrath and vengeance against those who have insulted him. The creator god appeases her by giving her an exalted position on his forehead in the form of the uraeus, the emblematic cobra that appears frequently in Egyptian art, particularly on royal crowns. Eye of Horus Stud Earrings Sterling Silver 925 Eye of Ra Symbol Studs Ancient Egyptian Revival Studs Geek Post Earrings Tribal Stud Earrings thinkupjewelry. #122389131 - Eye of the Ra and the Sphinx among the pyramids. [36][37], The characteristics of the Eye of Ra were an important part of the Egyptian conception of female divinity in general,[38] and the Eye was equated with many goddesses, ranging from very prominent deities like Hathor to obscure ones like Mestjet, a lion goddess who appears in only one known inscription. There are many people who believe that the Egyptians symbolize the Eye of Ra with exactly the same image that is used to symbolize the Eye of Horus. In revenge for his worshipers openly mocking him, the Eye of Ra, his daughter, took the form of a lion and slaughtered thousands of humans. Through her drunkenness she has been returned to a harmless form. It has been two decades since the Apep event caused widespread disturbances throughout the Solar System. [26] She takes the form of a wild feline, as dangerous and uncontrolled as the forces of chaos that she is meant to subdue. The Eye of Ra, also known as the Eye of Re/Rah, is an ancient Egyptian symbol used to represent the goddess considered to be the female counterpart of the sun god, Ra. In a variant of the story, it is the Eye that weeps instead, so the Eye is the progenitor of humankind. Elysium Mythology: What Is Elysium and Why Is it Significant. However, in Egyptian belief, many terms and concepts are fluid, so the sun could also be called the "Eye of Horus". Mythology t-shirt.. What is the meaning of the ankh? 925 silver eye of ra ring,silver ankh ring,eye of horus ring,protection jewelry,symbol of life,eye ring,the sun god ra,horus protection GwenShopArt. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University by Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology (1900) "... the Sothis star of Hathor-Isis is designated as 'the right eye of Ra' while the sun is termed the left eye." Ra, who had at one point been the pharaoh, was a jealous being and to … According to mythology, the sun god, who had been being undermined and ridiculed by his people as he entered old age, took the right eye of his daughter, Hathor, and sent it to Earth to punish mankind. The symbol was frequently used in jewellery made of gold, silver, lapis, wood, porcelain, and carnelian, to ensure the safety and health of the bearer and provide wisdom and prosperity. amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "2nd-mytho-20"; Add to Likebox #107906442 - Eye of Horus icon in cartoon style isolated illustration. However, in Egyptian belief, many terms and concepts are fluid, so the sun could also be called … amzn_assoc_region = "US"; The Eye goddess drinks the beer, mistaking it for blood, and in her inebriated state returns to Ra without noticing her intended victims. In addition to representing the morning star, the Eye can also be equated with the star Sothis (Sirius). The Iconic Eye of Ra Symbol. In other accounts, it is Shu who searches for Tefnut, who in this case represents the Eye rather than an independent deity. [55] Wadjet could sometimes be depicted with a lion head rather than that of a cobra, Nekhbet could take on cobra form as a counterpart of Wadjet, and a great many of these goddesses wore the sun disk on their heads, sometimes with the addition of a uraeus or the cow horns from Hathor's typical headdress. The sun disks and uraei that were incorporated into queens' headdresses during the New Kingdom reflect this mythological tie. Often, the texts of such rituals specifically mention a set of four defensive uraei. It was viewed as personifications of those goddesses. [62] The temple's new year festival celebrated her homecoming with drinking and dancing, paralleling the goddess' inebriated state after her pacification. Eye Of Ra meaning and example sentences with eye of ra. Most of the time, the queens would wear a headdress very similar to the one that was worn by the goddesses in their images. They include both humans who spread disorder and cosmic powers like Apep, the embodiment of chaos, whom Ra and the gods who accompany him in his barque are said to combat every night.
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